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Immutable (IMX)

History, technology and key data — no opinions, no advice

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Historical price evolution of Immutable

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Origin and evolution

Immutable had its origins in February 2018, when brothers James and Robbie Ferguson together with Alex Connolly founded Fuel Games in Sydney. The company immediately launched Etherbots, its first blockchain game. In July of that same year, they received $2.4 million in a seed round led by Coinbase Ventures, Continue Capital and Nirvana Capital, and launched the presale of Gods Unchained, an NFT collectible card game.

In 2019, Fuel Games rebranded as Immutable and launched Gods Unchained in open beta. The game's growth made Ethereum gas fees unsustainable, which motivated the development of Immutable X as a layer 2 solution. In September 2019, the company completed a Series A round of $15 million led by Galaxy Interactive and Naspers.

Immutable X mainnet opened to the public in April 2021, offering gas-free NFT minting through ZK-STARK technology in collaboration with StarkWare. In September 2021 it closed a Series B round of $60 million led by Bitkraft Ventures and King River Capital. On 5th November 2021 the IMX token was launched, reaching its all-time high of $9.52 on 26th November, driven by the NFT boom.

In February 2022, Immutable announced a partnership with GameStop to launch a joint NFT marketplace and a $100 million fund in IMX tokens intended for video game creators and developers. On 7th March 2022 it completed a Series C round of $200 million led by Temasek, with participation from Tencent and Animoca Brands, reaching a valuation of $3.5 billion.

In January 2024, Immutable launched Immutable zkEVM Mainnet in early access, a layer 2 EVM-compatible network built with Polygon and oriented towards facilitating the deployment of smart contracts for video game studios. In April 2024 it launched the $100 million Inevitable Games fund together with Polygon Labs and King River Capital, as well as the Main Quest programme with up to $50 million in rewards for players. In November 2024, the SEC issued a Wells Notice alleging that the IMX token could constitute an unregistered security, although Immutable announced it would defend its position. That same month, Game7 named Immutable the fastest-growing blockchain gaming ecosystem of 2024, with 250 games signed in a single year.

The SEC formally closed its investigation into Immutable in March 2025 without taking any action. On 8th April 2025, Immutable announced the merger of Immutable X and Immutable zkEVM into a unified network called Immutable Chain, with automatic asset migration at no cost. On 19th June 2025, IMX staking migrated completely to Immutable zkEVM, closing staking on the original Immutable X network. The deadline for manual withdrawal of assets from Immutable X is set for February 2026, with automatic migration beginning on 25th February for unwithdrawn funds.

How it works

IMX is the native utility and governance token of the Immutable ecosystem, issued by the Digital Worlds Foundation with a fixed maximum supply of 2,000 million units. The platform functions as a layer 2 scaling solution built on Ethereum, specialised in NFTs and video games. Its technical architecture combines two networks: the original Immutable X network, which uses StarkWare's ZK-STARK technology to bundle thousands of transactions off the main chain and publish a single cryptographic proof on Ethereum, achieving up to 9,000 transactions per second without gas fees for the end user; and Immutable zkEVM, launched in 2024 with Polygon technology, which adds full compatibility with the Ethereum virtual machine, facilitating the deployment of arbitrary smart contracts. Both networks are in the process of merging towards a unified chain called Immutable Chain.

The IMX token fulfils three specific functions within the ecosystem. Firstly, it acts as a mandatory payment mechanism: 20% of each protocol fee must be paid in IMX, and if the user does not possess the token, the network automatically acquires it on the open market to complete the transaction. Secondly, it functions as a rewards system for participation: holders who demonstrate recent activity—having voted on governance proposals and operated on the platform during the last 30 days—receive staking rewards proportional to the fees collected by the protocol. Finally, IMX grants governance rights, allowing its holders to vote on protocol development proposals, the distribution of reserves and the granting of subsidies to ecosystem developers.

Key data
Supply / Emission
2,000,000,000
Symbol
IMX
Type
Token ERC-20
Blockchain
Ethereum (ERC-20), Immutable X (Layer 2)
Launch
2021-04-27
Creator
James Ferguson, Robbie Ferguson, Alex Connolly
Status
Activa

Data verified against external sources. Some values may have changed since the last update.

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